Impact of Cloud on Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange of Alpine Meadow in Tibetan Plateau

Meteorological elements and CO2 fluxes over alpine meadow ecosystem were observed continuously from 2004 to 2005in Damxung Alpine Meadow Flux Station,China Flux Network.Based on the eddy covariance CO2 fluxes and meteorological data obtained,the relationships among the CO2 fluxes,the cloud amount,and the meteorological factors in alpine meadow ecosystem were explored and analyzed.Some conclusions can be drawn from the discussion with previous researches as following:(1)the cloud amount can affect the net ecosystem CO2 exchange(NEE)of alpine meadow on Tibetan Plateau;(2)the soil temperature sensitive to the cloud amount,is a major environmental controlling factor for NEE,and closely relates to the maximum of NEE.In the morning period with large cloud amount,the NEE reaches its maximum when the clearness index ranges from 0.5 to 0.7; yet in the afternoon it comes to the maximum with the index from 0.2 to 0.35.The span of soil temperature covers from 12 to 15℃ as the NEE at its highest;(3)the scatterplots between NEE and photosynthetic available radiation(PAR)was a significant inverse triangle in the clear day,two different kinds of concave curves in the cloudy day,and strongly convergent rectangular hyperbola in the overcast day.These differences were controlled by the changes of light radiation and soil temperature.     

空气环境质量模糊综合评价方法的改进

针对以往空气环境质量的模糊综合评价方法存在的不足提出了采用综合指数和模糊综合评价方法相结合的方法评价空气环境质量的新方法。     

论基于多元联系数的集对分析评价模型

集对分析是一种处理不确定性问题的系统分析方法，利用该方法对系统危险性进行了评价，指出了多元联系数集对分析方法在系统危险性评价中存在的不足，探讨了其应用条件，提出了与系统级别特征值相结合来判断系统危险性级别的方法，并给出了多元联系数集对分析的评价程序。实例表明，该方法科学、可行，为系统危险性评价提供了一种新的思路。     

泥石流灾情评估指标体系

泥石流灾情评估指标体系的建立应满足适用性、完备性、可比性、综合性和系统性原则，而指标的选取还应在一定的要求下确定。依据上述原则，在泥石流灾情网络分析结果的基础上，建立了评估指标体系的结构层次模型，进而对各类灾情评估指标进行了分析，确定出评估泥石流灾情的具体指标和因子。最后建立了以成灾度为目标层，经济损失，社会影响，环境损害为准则层。评估指标和评估因子为指标层的泥石流灾情评估指标体系。     

我国城市生态评价研究进展

城市建设带来了越来越多的生态环境问题，生态城市建设是解决这些问题的良好途径。生态城市的建设要有一定的评价体系作为支撑，本文综述了国内基于AHP方法建立的应用较为广泛的城市生态评价体系和方法，并对国内城市生态评价的现状做了分析。     

安全职业适应性的能力模型构建与评价

通过回顾相关理论明确安全职业适应性研究中能力的定义,并将研究对象确定为特殊行业中的个体。在此基础上,将人力资源管理中的能力理论引入安全职业适应性研究,并借鉴能力模型的构建与检验方法,建立特殊行业人的安全能力模型,提出在人的整个安全评价过程中,应以信度、效度、稳定性、持续性为目的,综合运用各学科评价方法的优点对模型进行评价。根据评价分析结果建立选拔、上岗、在岗、调岗、退役标准。     

朝阳开发区造纸工业园建设可持续发展研究与实践

针对朝阳开发区造纸工业园控制性详细规划,采用层次分析法构建规划环境影响评价指标体系,在此基础上,分析朝阳开发区造纸工业园建设的可持续发展水平,为朝阳开发区造纸工业园建设环境决策的科学性提供技术依据。朝阳开发区造纸工业园区域发展规划实施后,规划各期区域整体可持续发展水平基本保持稳定,均为Ⅲ级,即可持续发展水平为中等。经济子系统和社会子系统可持续发展水平各期逐渐下降,而环境子系统可持续发展水平各期呈上升趋势。这说明,随着园区的进一步发展,其环境效益日益明显。     

Characterization of bacterial communities at heavy-metal-contaminated sites

The microbial community in soil samples from two long-term contaminated sites was characterized by using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. The two sites investigated contained high amounts of heavy metals and were located in the upper Silesia Industrial Region in southern Poland. The evaluation of the aerobic soil microbial population clearly demonstrated the presence of considerable numbers of viable, culturable bacteria at both sites. A high fraction of the bacterial population was able to grow in the presence of high amounts of metals, i.e. up to 10 mM Zn²⁺, 3 mM Pb²⁺ or 1 mM Cu²⁺. Site 1 contained significantly (P < 0.05) lower bacterial numbers growing in the presence of 10 mM Zn²⁺ than site 2, while the opposite was observed for bacteria tolerating 1 mM Cu²⁺. This coincided with the contents of these two metals at the two sites. Ecophysiological (EP) indices for copiotrophs (r-strategists) and oligotrophs (K-strategists) pointed to high bacterial diversity at both sites. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis indicated that Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria represent the physiologically active fraction of bacteria at the two sites. Shannon diversity (H′) indices for FISH-detected bacterial phylogenetic groups were not significantly different at the two sites.     

基于LMDI的我国能源消费因素分解研究

经济飞速发展使我国能源消费急剧增长，能源消费与能源供给、环境污染矛盾日益突出。在分析我国能源消费和能源消费强度变化趋势的基础上，运用LMDI法将我国1996--2010年能源消费变化分解为产出效应、结构效应和强度效应，探讨产出提高、结构调整、效率提高对我国能源消费和能源强度的影响。结果显示，生产规模扩大对能源消费起到正向的拉动作用，结构调整对缓解能源消费增长还有较大的上升空间，能源强度对能源消费的抑制效应自“十一五”期间起作用逐步显现。     

大型社会活动安全风险评估指标研究

在对大型社会活动特点及其活动增长趋势分析的基础上,通过对大型社会活动典型伤亡事故的统计,将事故发生直接原因归纳为突发自然灾害、设备设施故障、管控措施失误、疏散设施不符合要求、人为事件和其他因素6类;根据风险管理理论,针对大型社会活动安全风险,从人-机-环-管安全系统工程的观点出发,以准确反映大型社会活动的本质特征和事故预防与控制为目标、尽可能量化为原则,提出具有4个一级指标、9个二级指标和24个三级指标的大型社会活动安全风险评估指标体系和评估依据,并对周边环境、人群密度、疏散速度及人群状况指标进行量化分级。